The Effect of Compensation and Workload on Counterproductive Work Behaviour in Tea Franchise SMEs in Surabaya and Sidoarjo

Natasya Intan Ayu Praditha; Dewi Krishna Sawitri

doi:10.58765/ijemr.v4i2.418

Authors

Natasya Intan Ayu Praditha UPN Veteran, East Java
Dewi Krishna Sawitri UPN Veteran, East Java

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58765/ijemr.v4i2.418

Keywords:

Compensation, Workload, Counterproductive Work Behavior , SMEs , The Effect of Compensation

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of compensation and workload on counterproductive work behavior among employees of SME tea franchises in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Specifically, it examines the role of compensation and workload in provoking the occurrence of counterproductive work behavior.

Design/methodology/approach – Applying quantitative methods through the distribution of questionnaires using PLS analysis techniques. The sampling technique uses total sampling, with the entire population made into a sample, and the total number of respondents is 45 people.

Originality – Provides new insights into counterproductive work behavior among employees of franchise SMEs in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. It highlights both part-time and full-time employees who are rarely discussed, and uncovers the role of compensation and workload in triggering counterproductive work behavior.

Findings and Discussion – In this study, the compensation variable has a negative and significant effect on counterproductive work behavior, and the workload variable has a positive and significant effect on counterproductive work behavior.

Conclusion – It is concluded that providing fair and appropriate salaries and incentives will reduce counterproductive work behavior in employees. Both high and low levels of workload play an important role in influencing CWB actions and have the potential to harm the company.

Keywords – Compensation, Workload, Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB)

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References

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Dwi Pancarani Nur, M., & Sari, EYD (2024). The Relationship between Work Motivation and Workplace Spirituality with Counterproductive Work Behavior among Multimedia Company Employees. Cognicia, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.22219/cognicia.v12i2.35901

Eni Mahawati, Ika Yuniwati, Rolyana Ferinia, Puspita Puji Rahayu Tiara Fani, Anggri Puspita Sari, Retno Astuti Setijaningsih Qurnia Fitriyatinur, Ayudia Popy Sesilia, Isti Mayasari Idah Kusuma Dewi, & Syamsul Bahri. (2021). Analysis of Workload and Work Productivity.

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Fransiska, Y., & Tupti, Z. (2020). MANEGGGIO: Scientific Journal of Master of Management: The Influence of Communication, Workload, and Work Motivation on Employee Performance. 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30596/maneggio.v3i2.5041

Nikous Soter Sihombing, Agam Sinaga, & Ramadhan Ardi Gumelar. (2023). Human Resource Management in the Digital Era.

Nurhaifa Idris. (2020). The Effect of Compensation on Employee Work Productivity at PT. Edi Indonesia in North Jakarta.

Nurhandayani, A. (2022). The Influence of Work Environment, Job Satisfaction, and Workload on Performance. https://jurnal.smartindo.org/index.php/ekobil

Prof. Adjunct. Dr. Marniati, SE. , MK (2020). Human Resource Management.

Rochman, & Ichsan. (2021). The Effect of Workload and Job Stress on Employee Performance at PT. Honda Daya Anugrah Mandiri Sukabumi Branch.

Rolos, JKR, Sambul, SAP, & Rumawas, W. (2018). The Effect of Workload on Employee Performance at PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya Manado City Branch (Vol. 6, Number 4).

Connect, R. (2019). Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance; Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediations. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 7(3), 50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20190703.12

Setyo Widodo, D., Yandi, A., & Author, C. (2022). Employee Performance Model: Competence, Compensation, and Motivation (HR Literature Review). https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i1

Spector, P.E., Fox, S., Penney, L.M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The Dimensionality of Counterproductivity: Are all Counterproductive Behaviors Created Equal? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 446–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.10.005

Uche, II, George, O., & Abiola, W. (2017). Counterproductive Work Behaviors: a Socio-Demographic Characteristic-Based Study among Employees in the Nigerian Maritime Sector. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business, 5(1), 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1515/auseb-2017-0006

Yana Diana. (2019). The Effect of Workload on Employee Performance in the Housekeeping Department at the Bintan Lagoon Resort Hotel.

Yanti, S., & Yanti, N. (2020). The Effect of Work Behavior and Work Discipline on Employee Career Development at Premier Basko Hotel Padang. JM, 2(4), 371–380. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PremierBaskoHotel

Adibangsawan, R. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Justice and Compensation on Organizational Deviant Behavior: Employee Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable.

Wardani & Yousef. (2016). The Influence of Salary, Job Stress, and Interactional Justice on Employee Deviance: A Case Study of the Marketing Division of PT. XYZ.

Andri, S., Niar, A., & Hendrik. (2025). The Effect of Compensation Suitability and Distributive Justice on Counterproductive Work Behavior among Employees of the Kolaka Regency Education and Culture Office.

Larkin, Pierce, & Gino. (2012). The Psychological Cost Of Pay-For-Performance: Implications For The Strategic Compensation Of Employees.

Chen, Y., Li, S., Xia, Q., & He, C. (2017). The Relationship Between Job Demands And Employees' Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Effect Of Psychological Detachment And Job Anxiety.

Clark, S. B. (2013). Understanding Counterproductive Work Behavior: Aggressive Employees' Responses to Leader-Member Exchance.

Gruys, M. L., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Investigating the Dimensionality of Counterproductive Work Behavior. International Journal of Selection and Assessment.

Hartono, J., & Abdillah, W. (2015). Partial Least Square (PLS): An Alternative to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Business Research: Vol. XIV. ANDI.

Macovei, C. M. (2016). Counterproductive Behaviors and Work Performance in Military Organizations. International Conference Knowledge-Based Organization. 22(2), 444-450.

Meisler, G., Drory, A., & Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2019). Preceivwd Organizational Politics and Counterproductive Work Behavior: The Mediating Role of Hostility. Personnel Review, ahead-of-print.

Norsilan, I, N., Omar, Z., Ahmad, A., Professional, JP, Education, D., Fakulti, L., & Education, P. (2014). Workplace Deviant Behavior: Does Employee Psychological Job Demand and Lack of Job Resources Influence Employee Workplace Deviant Behavior? In Malaysian Journal of Psychology (Vol. 28, Issue 2).

O Ugwo, F. (2018). Walking the Tightrope: Perceived High Workload, Positive Affectivity and Counter Productive Work Behaviors in the Nigerian Context. Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal, 8(3).

Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.

Shao, J., Zhang, R., & Zhang, S. (2022). The Mechanism and Causes of Counterproductive Work Behavior: Organizational Constraints, Interpersonal Conflict, and Organizational Injustice.

Spector, P.E., Fox, S., Penney, L.M., Bruursema, K., Goh, a., 7 Kessler, S. (2006). The Dimensionality of Counterproductivity: Are All Counterproductive Behaviors Created Equal? Journal of Vacation Behavior, 68(3), 446-460.

Ulfiya Salma, N., Purnomo, R., & Anggraeni, AI (2023). The Effect of Work Stress on Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) and the Role of Agreeableness as a Moderating Variable. International Sustainable Competitiveness Advantage, V, 120-130.

Marcus, B., & Schuler, H. (2004). Antecedents of Counterproductive Behavior at Work: a General Perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology. 89(4), 647-660.

Olukayode, L.J., Okuneye, MY, & Olayinka, S.A. (2014). Antecedents of Counter Work Behavior in Public Sector Organizations: Evidence from Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 3(9).

Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2005). Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB): The Moderating Role of Negative Affectivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 26, 777-796.

Rotundo, M., & Spector, P. E. (2010). Counterproductive Work Behavior and Withdrawal. Handbook of Employee Selection. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Sacket, P. R. (2002). The Structure of Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Dimensionality and Relationship with Facets of Job Performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment. 10(1), 5-11.

Sprung, J. M., & Jex, S. M. (2012). Work Locus of Control as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Work Stressors and Counterproductive Work Behavior. International Journal of Stress Management. 19(4), 272-291.